Surveying instrument



Nov. 15, 19-32; HLKWGTON 1,888,011

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT Filed June 10, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 2.

SNVENTOR.

am F flkELETcm' ATTORNEYS.

QQZZM/QM NOV. 15, w PILKINGTON SURVEY-1N6 INSTRUMENT Filed June 10 1931 2 Sheets5heet 2 FIG. 4.

I 0 FIG. 5. i

INVENTOR.

William Fflki gTEII'L Patented Nov. 15, 1932 UNITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE Application flled- June 10, 1931. SeriaI No. 543,456.

This invention relates to improvements in generally designate the instrument,'which is surveying instruments. V adapted to be used upon a conventional level The primary object of this invention is ing tripod B of any approved construction. the provision of an improved surveying in- The tripod B may include a tripod top 10 strument which is-particularly well adapted to which the legsll are swingabl y connected 55 for the laying of horizontal angles in mines, as intusual construction. The top mayand elsewhere; the instrument being of relahave a concaved cup 12 fastened to the top tively cheap construction, without the deli- 10. A part '13 having a convex bottom fits cate parts ordinarily used in a transit. It in tfie: cup 12, as is usual. "Means 14 is pro- 10 is furthermore durable, sturdy, and compact, vided to hold the part 13 in the cup, either to 60 and because of the simplicity of the same may clamp the same in fixed position orto' hold it be used by comparatively inexperienced perwith proper adjustment. The part 13 is pro sons, such as section or mine 'foremen or a vided with a table 15 which. is connected tracklayer, without the necessity of requiring therewith by any approved means 16. This 5 a transit man. table 15 is provided with 'aflat top surface 5 A further object of this invention is the adapted to slidably and movably receive the provision of an improved surveying instruinstrument A thereon. This top surface of l ment which embodies a double set, of two.- the tableis of course horizontally leveled by way sights, and which will permit of the laymoving the part, 13 in the cup 12,' or in any ing off of angles in a horizontal plane with other approved manner conventionally used 79 facility. I with tripod constructions. u

. Other objects and advantages of this in- The instrument A generally comprises a vention will be apparent during the course of lower plate or member 16 provided with a the following detailed description. central'standard 17 normal to the plane bot- In the accompanying drawings, forming tom surface 18 0f the plate. Upon the top of a part of this specification, and wherein simithe standard 17 there is an annular supportlar reference characters designate 'correing flange or plate memberv 19,.peripherally sponding parts throughout the several views, reduced for rotatably supporting a graduated Figure 1 is an elevation showing the in? ring 20. Two-way sights 21 and 22 are strument leveled and in use within a mine, 'hingedly mounted at diametrically opposed part of the same being shown in section. points on the plate or member16 at opposite Figure 2is a vertical sectional View taken sides of thestandard 17 The ring 20 is prothrough the instrument, showing it in an vided with two-way. sights 27 and 28 mounted operating position for the layingofit" of a at diametrically opposed points on thesaid horizontal angle of 90. 1 ring. 7 g g v Figure 3' is a plan view of the graduated The plate 16 isrelatively heavy so that it ring with-the parts positioned as shown in will hold a proper position upon the tripod Figure 2. V table 15. In an instrument for use in mine Figure 4L is a sectional View taken through surveying the plate 16 would be approxian upper removable ring and sight construcmately five inches' in diameter, and about tion of the instrument. one quarter of an inch thick, although. it is Figure 5 is a vertical sectional'view of a to be understood that these dimensions may frame construction which receives the ring be departed from if desired.j The upper sur- 45 of Figure 4. 1 k I face of the plate 16 is provided with conven- Figure 6 is a side elevation of the improved tional bubble tubes 30 and 31 which may be 95 surveying instrument, showing the sights in relatively arranged at right angles, and collapsed position. V g which of course may be used for the purpose In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of levelingthe tripod table, or for position} of illustration is shown only a preferred eming the plate 16in a horizontal plane. bodiment of the invention, the letter A may The diametrically opposed sights 21 and 22 100 are of the same general mounting upon the.

plate 16. From upright'positions the pivoted portions 45 of the sights 21 and22 may be pivotally swung inwardly towards each other into abutment against the supporting post 17' as shown in Figure 6, and in which position they are collapsed and in protected relation. These sights 21 and 22 are constructed for two-way sighting, that is, one portion of one may be used as a fore-sight and: the corresponding portion of o the other will beused as a back-sight, and vice versa. Thus, the lower and upper portions ofthe sights 21 and 22 respectively are provided with vertical sighting slits 51 and52 respectively, which are relatively narrow. The upper and lower'portions of the sights 21 and 22 are furthermore provided'with vertical openings 53 and 54 respectively wherein sighting wires or hairs 56 and 57 are disposed. The intermediate portions of these sights 21 and 22 have theslit openings divided from the hairs by an intermediate solid portion 60. The standard17 is provided with a wide vertical slot 61 throughwhich the sighting is accomplished. These double sights permit an observer to peep through theslit 51 of the sight 21 and align the wire 57 with an object which is being sighted, and

' likewise sighting in the opposite direction the observer may peep through the slit 52' and inline with the wire 56 sight the'proper location at-which either some object is placed ortobeiplaced;

The' supporting plate or flange 19 is recessed at around the top portion of the margin thereof to provide a reduced annular supportingledge 71 upon which the ring 2()-seats. Thering 20 when in position upon this ledge 71" has its top surface lying flush with the top surface of theflange or supporting plate 19, as shown in Figure 2.

The supporting ring 20 is provided with an opening therein which snugly receives the raised portion of the flange or plate 19 therein, so that there is no radial movement of the ring when supported upon the flange The sights 27 and-28 upon the ring-2O are of exactly-the same construction as the sights 21 and 22 above described, that is, they may be used for sighting in either direction, utilizing each of the same as a foresight in one portion or as a back-sight at the other por tion. They are each hingedly mounted at upona block 86which is rigidly afiixed on the top surface of the ring. These blocks 86 have shoulders 87 limiting-the upswing of the sights 27 and 28-respectively te -a proper vertical position at-ri'ghtoan'gles tothe plane of the ring, and from whence they may be collapsed fiat or horizontal upon the top of the ring, as shown in Figure 6.

The top surface of the plate 19 is proin vided with a radial indicator line 90 which may be suitably designated by a zero mark, as shown in Fi'gure 3. =Gentrally' of therplate 19, and 0tcourseaxiallyo'f thesta'ndard 17 there is provided an upwardly facing socket 93 which is ofV-shaped cross section, and is adapted to receive'thepoint of a suspended plumb bob for leveling and centering purposes.

Thetop' surface of the ring 20 is suitably provided with graduations, as shown in Figure 3, designating-in degrees the circular arrangement of the plate; these delineations being easily-referable to the indicator mark 90above described. The delineated lines on the ring 20 may besuitably designated with the degree numerals,- according i to standard practice, asdesired, so-that an observer may readily deter-mine the mark through which the ring is'swung, with referenceto'the-indt catormark 90. "Ifdesired, a vernier adjustment may be provide'd,1 a lthough *such is not necessary in the use: for which this invention is intended. If desired: the plate 19maybe circumferentially graduated.

In setting up the instrumentdior use the same may be properly centere'dwith reference to the point of a suspendedzplumbibob .96 which is suitably supported vby a'spa'd '97 affixed ina timberor wooden insert 98 in the mine ceiling 99. This centering is accomplished by setting up the tripod B beneath the plumb bob. The instrument A is-setfon the table 15 and the tripod is properly leveled to place the table l-5 horizontally,'as indicated-by the bubbletubes 30:an*d 31" on'the instrument. The instrumentis then: swung laterally to center=theapoint of'the plumb bob 96 inlthe opening 93. .The-sights=21*=and 22 may be used for positioningtheplate 16 with? reference to a known line of sight, and 5 the ring 20 maythenbeswung tocposition the sightsthereof at thedesire'd horizontal angular relation with' respect to the indicator mark 90 on the plate 19. If desired this'angle may be set before the instrument is placed on the tripod. Thus it-will-be desirable to set the new line of sight atthe known. angle to the old line of sight or a predetermined line of sight. By setting-up the instrument with the line of predeterminedsight,the ring 20 havingbeen adjusted tothe desired-angle of the new line of sightand clamped in said position by means of a clamp-99,i it is readily understandable that the sights-27 and "28 will bein. position to-establish'. the new line of sight. 1

An important use of the instrument. will be -in laying out cross-entries and rooms with respect -tothe anain entries .ofmines. Thus plumb bobs having been suspended from the previously determined center line of a main entry it will readily be easy for an operator of the new instrument to support the device as above described under a lumb bob located at the center line of the mam entry, and spot the center line of the cross entry at the proper predetermined angle with respect to the center line of the main entry. The use of the instrument for establishing the center line of cross entries and rooms will be well understood from the above description. The two sets of double sightswill permit of the laying off of angles in backward and forward lines of sights at any angle in a horizontal plane, and without moving any part of the instrument it will be possible to lay off angles in four directions both forwardly and backwardly. It is of course important to know that the line of sight between the sights 21 and 22 lines in the same vertical planes with the zero indication 90 when the instrument is in set-up condition. The line of sight between the upper sights 27 and 2 8 is on the 0180 delineations of the graduated ring.

; Rough leveling can be done bysighting over the tops of the upper sights on the instrument.

Various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be made to the form of invention herein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. In a surveying instrument the combination of a supporting plate, opposed sights on the plate, a rotatable ring, means for supporting the rotatable ring in a plane spaced above the said plate and above the sights of the said plate, and a pair of sights carried in spaced relation by said rotatable ring, the said instrument having graduations'cooperatively placed with respect to the sights for determining the angularity of the lines of sights established by the first and second 'mentioned pair of sights.

2. In a surveying instrument the combination of a supporting plate, a central standard upon the plate and having a vertical slot therein, a plate supported at the top of said standard, a pair of sights at diametrically opposed sides of said standard and provided with means for projecting a line of sight through the slot of said standard, a ring rotatably supported by the second mentioned plate above the said sights, and sight ing means carried by said ring, said second mentioned plate and ring having graduations thereon to determine the angularity of movement of the ring upon said plate with respect to the line of sight.

3. In a surveying instrument the combination of a base plate, sighting bars pivoted on parallel axes upon said plate, means to limit said bars to a position normal to said plate and from whence they may be 001 lapsed inwardly, said sighting bars having means thereon to establish a line of sight thereby, a rotatable member, means rotatably supporting said member in a plane parallel with and above the first mentioned plate and the sights thereof, graduated means to de termine the angularity of rotary movement of said rotary member with respect to said plate and the line of'sight established by the sights of said plate, and spaced sights on the rotatable member located for establishing a line of'sight in operative relation to the graduations of said rotary member.

4. In a surveying instrument the combina-, tion of a horizontal base plate, a central post having a vertical slot diametrically therethrough, sight bars pivotally mounted on said plate at diametrically opposed points on said plate in alignment with the slotthrough said post, said sight bars having sighting slits and hair sights thereon for establishing a line of sight therebetween through the slot of said post, and means rotatably supported by the post above said sight bars for establishing a line of sight in predetermined angularity with respect to the line of sight which may be established by the sight bars first mentioned.

5. In a surveying instrument the combination of a bottom plate, a central supporting post connected with said plate and provided with a relatively wide vertical slot, a top plate on the top of said post, a ring rotatably supported upon the top plate, said plate and ring being graduated to determine the angular relation of movement therebetween,

sighting means carried by each of the bottom a plate and ring, said sighting means on the bottom plate comprising sight bars pivotally mounted on the bottom plate in the line of sight through said slot and collapsible againstthe walls of said post.

7 In a surveying instrument the combination of a bottom plate, a top plate, standard means supporting the top plate in spaced parallel relation with the bottom plate, a rotary ring mounted on the top plate. a pair of collapsible sight bars mounted on the bottom plate, and a pair of collapsible sight bars mounted on sa d ring. I

WILLIAM PILKINGTON. 

